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The science behind iKima, in plain language

Seven articles, written by the person who built the app, each with the studies it rests on. Read them in any order. Together they explain why iKima measures what it measures and breathes the way it breathes.

Sensing · Photoplethysmography
How the iPhone camera reads your pulse — and how far to trust it

No hidden sensor. What the flash and camera actually see, why 20 seconds is enough, and what the validation studies against ECG found.

8 min · 5 references
Awareness · Heart rate variability
HRV, explained without the mysticism

What RMSSD measures, why there is no "normal HRV", and the three rules for reading your own trend without fooling yourself.

10 min · 3 references
Regulation · Breathing
Why the exhale is the switch

The vagus nerve, the baroreflex, the Stanford cyclic-sighing trial, and why iKima's default rhythm is 4 seconds in, 6 seconds out.

9 min · 5 references
Stress and the body
5 Signs Linked to Burnout, Starting With the Body

Research links burnout with lasting fatigue, poor sleep, muscle tension and headaches. Five signs, what the evidence says, and what they do not tell you.

7 min · 4 references
Breathing evidence
Box breathing: 4-4-4-4 or 4-3-3-3?

What randomized trials and reviews say about box breathing counts.

7 min · 5 references
Breathing evidence
Resonant breathing: why about six breaths a minute?

Why about six breaths a minute, how the pace varies by person, and what the research on HRV and stress shows.

8 min · 7 references
HRV, measured
SDNN vs RMSSD: what’s the difference in HRV?

What SDNN and RMSSD each capture, why recording length matters, and how to read HRV numbers from a watch or phone.

6 min · 5 references

These articles are written for understanding, not diagnosis. iKima is a stress-awareness and breathing tool, not a medical device; heart-rate and HRV readings are for personal reference. If you have a heart condition, talk to a clinician before changing your breathing practice.